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Adverse Action

An act by an employer that negatively affects an employee, such as rejecting a job application, demoting or terminating an employee, or denying a promotion.

 

Adverse Impact

A policy or practice that, while neutral on its face, disproportionately affects minorities or members of other protected groups.

 

Affirmative Action

Process in which employers identify problem areas, set goals, and take positive steps to enhance opportunities for protected-class members. Steps that are taken for the purpose of eliminating the present effects of past discrimination.

 

Affirmative Action Plan

A program designed to promote equal opportunities with regard to recruiting, hiring, training, and compensating workers by formulating practical steps to address the underutilization of specific groups.

 

Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)

A federal law that prohibits employment discrimination against persons 40 years of age and older. Sets standards for pension and benefits provided by employers and requires that information about the needs of older workers be provided to the public.

 

Agency Shop

A situation in which a union represents all employees, regardless of their union membership, but requires that non-members pay union dues or fees on the assumption that union efforts benefit all workers.

 

Agent

An individual authorized to make contracts on behalf of an employer and bind an employer to those contracts. Employees or independent contractors may or may not act as agents.

 

Alternative Dispute Resolution

A dispute resolution process that falls outside of the governmental judicial process; techniques include negotiation, mediation, and arbitration.

 

American Arbitration Association

An organization that administers arbitration, mediation and other forms of Alternative Dispute Resolution.

 

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA)

A federal economic stimulus package that included provisions affecting employers, including a COBRA subsidy program and new HIPAA requirements.

 

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